Louis pasteur biography wikipedia

Microbiologist and chemist, founder of modern microbiology and immunology Date of Birth: Country: France

Content:

1. Biography of Louis Pasteur
2. Education and Early Career
3. Contributions to Microbiology
4. Immunity and Vaccination
5. Legacy and Influence

Biography of Louis Pasteur

Louis Pasteur (December 27, , Dole, Jura - September 28, , Villeneuve-l'Etang, near Paris) was a microbiologist and chemist, and the founder of modern microbiology and immunology.

He proved that diseases, now known as contagious, can only arise from infection - the penetration of microorganisms from the external environment into the body. This principle continues to be the basis of the theory and practice of combating contagious diseases in humans, animals, and plants.

Education and Early Career

Louis Pasteur was the son of a French tanner from the town of Dole.

Despite his weak health and lack of means, Pasteur successfully completed higher education in Paris, where he studied to become a teacher for secondary schools.

Louis pasteur biography yahoo fantasy football Louis Pasteur ForMemRS (/ ˈluːipæˈstɜːr /, French: [lwi pastœʁ] ⓘ; 27 December – 28 September ) was a French chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the last of which was named after him.

He attended lectures by the famous chemist Dumas and developed a strong interest in chemistry and physics. His passion for scientific research led him to choose a modest job as a chemistry laboratory assistant instead of a lucrative teaching position. In a short period of time, Pasteur was able to accomplish significant scientific work, preparing and brilliantly defending two doctoral dissertations: one in physics and the other in chemistry.

By the age of 26, Pasteur had already gained recognition through his research on the structure of crystals, discovering the cause of the differing influence of polarized light on crystals of organic substances. This ultimately led to the development of stereochemistry - the science of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules.

Contributions to Microbiology

In a small and modest laboratory in Lille in , Pasteur made a remarkable discovery.

He proved that fermentation is a biological phenomenon and that any type of fermentation (such as alcoholic, vinegar, etc.) is the result of the vital activity of specific microscopic organisms - yeast fungi. The unraveling of the fermentation phenomenon not only had a significant impact on French winemaking, which suffered great losses from wine and beer diseases, but also played an exceptional role in the development of biological science, agriculture, and industry.

During this time, Pasteur made another important discovery.

Louis pasteur biography yahoo fantasy Louis Pasteur, French chemist who was one of the most important founders of medical microbiology. Pasteur’s contributions to science, technology, and medicine are nearly without precedent. His accomplishments earned him France’s highest decoration, the Legion of Honour.

He discovered organisms for which oxygen is not only unnecessary, but also harmful. These organisms are called anaerobic, and representatives of them are microbes that cause butyric fermentation. The proliferation of such microbes leads to the souring of wine and beer. Pasteur dedicated the rest of his life to the study of microorganisms and the search for means to combat pathogens of contagious diseases in animals and humans.

Immunity and Vaccination

Pasteur proved that diseases, now known as contagious, can only arise from infection - the penetration of microorganisms from the external environment into the body.

However, the scientist was not satisfied with just discovering the cause of these diseases. He sought a reliable method to combat them and found it - vaccinations, which create immunity to specific diseases in the body.

In the s, Pasteur conducted numerous experiments and demonstrated that the pathogenic properties of microbes, the causative agents of contagious diseases, can be deliberately weakened.

Modified microbes that still induce immunity were subsequently called vaccines, according to Pasteur's proposal. Thanks to Pasteur's many years of work and the work of his students, vaccines against chicken cholera, Siberian plague, swine erysipelas, and finally, rabies, began to be used in practice. Pasteur institutes for vaccines against rabies were established in various countries, and the first such institute in Russia was established in , through the initiative of scientists I.I.

Mechnikov and N.F. Gamaleya.

However, Pasteur and his followers faced a struggle for the recognition of this new method of preventing contagious diseases.

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Who Was Louis Pasteur? Louis Pasteur discovered that microbes were responsible for souring alcohol and came up with the process of pasteurization, where bacteria are destroyed by heating.

The scientist was criticized for refuting scientific views that had existed for centuries, and his experiments were doubted.

Legacy and Influence

Pasteur created a global scientific school of microbiologists, and many of his students later became prominent scientists themselves. He had close connections with many Russian scientists.

At that time, almost all Russian microbiologists went to work with Pasteur and later in his institute in Paris.